|
在有关鲁迅思想的研究中，大量的成果集中在“改造国民性”问题上。冯骥才在《收获》上发表的《鲁迅的“功”与“过”》中认为，鲁迅作品的成功之处即在于独特的“国民性批判”，“在鲁迅之前的文学史上，我们还找不到这种先例”，但这不过是“源自１８４０年以来西方传教士”的舶来品，鲁迅从中受到了启发和点拨，却没有看到里面所埋伏着的西方霸权话语。冯骥才进而认为鲁迅没能走出“西方中心主义”和被西方人认作经典的以审丑为主要特征的“东方主义”的磁场。这一度引起了学者们的激烈争鸣。陈漱渝在《由〈收获〉风波引发的思考》和《挑战经典——新时期关于鲁迅的几次论争》中认为，鲁迅改造国民性思想形成过程中，的确受到美国传教士亚瑟·亨·史密斯《中国人气质》一书的影响。然而，“鲁迅展示中国人的丑陋面，并非印证西方侵略者征服东方的合理性和合法性，而是在展示种种丑陋的过程中渗透了作家的忧患意识和否定性评价，使读者在否定性的体验中获得审美愉悦。”黄川在《亚瑟·亨·史密斯与东方主义》中重点分析了“东方主义”一词的含义和史密斯《中国人气质》一书的详细情况，指出冯骥才把“东方主义”加之于鲁迅的头上是“轻率的、不科学的”。 In the study of Lu Xun's thought, a lot of achievements are focused on the problem of "transforming national character". In Lu Xun's "merits" and "faults" published by Feng Jicai in the harvest, the success of Lu Xun's works lies in his unique "criticism of national character". We can't find such a precedent in the literary history before Lu Xun, but it's just an imported product from "Western missionaries since 1840", from which Lu Xun was inspired and pointed out, but he didn't We can see the western hegemonic discourse lurking in it. Feng Jicai went on to think that Lu Xun failed to get rid of the "western centralism" and the "Orientalism" which was regarded as the classic by the westerners and characterized by judging ugliness. At one time, this aroused fierce contention among scholars. Chen Shuyu, in his reflections caused by the storm of "harvest" and "challenging Classics: several debates on Lu Xun in the new era", believes that Lu Xun's thought of transforming national character was indeed influenced by the book "Chinese temperament" by Arthur Heng Smith, an American missionary. However, "Lu Xun's display of the ugliness of the Chinese people does not confirm the rationality and legitimacy of the western invaders' conquest of the East, but permeates the writer's sense of suffering and negative evaluation in the process of displaying all kinds of ugliness, so that the readers can get aesthetic pleasure in the negative experience." In Arthur Heng Smith and Orientalism, Huang Chuan analyzed the meaning of Orientalism and the details of Smith's temperament of Chinese. He pointed out that Feng Jicai's adding Orientalism to Lu Xun's head was "rash and unscientific". | 
