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For his Ph.D. in astrophysics, Chris Farrell spent five years mining data from a giant particle accelerator. Now, he spends his days analyzing ratings for Yelp Inc. YELP -0.90% 's online business-review site. 克里斯•法雷尔(Chris Farrell)在攻读天体物理学博士的五年期间从事巨型粒子加速器数据研究工作。如今，他的工作是分析商业点评网站Yelp上的点评。 Mr. Farrell, 28 years old, is a data scientist, a job title that barely existed three years ago but since has become one of the hottest corners of the high-tech labor market. Retailers, banks, heavy-equipment makers and matchmakers all want specialists to extract and interpret the explosion of data from Internet clicks, machines and smartphones, setting off a scramble to find or train them. 现年28岁的法雷尔是一名数据科学家。三年前，“数据科学家”这个职业头衔几乎还不存在，但后来逐渐成为高科技劳动力市场上最热门的职位之一。面对互联网点击、机器和智能手机产生的数据爆炸，零售商、银行、重型设备制造商以及媒介公司都想让专业人士来提取、解读大数据。这掀起了一场寻找或培训这方面人才的争夺战。 'People call them unicorns' because the combination of skills required is so rare, said Jonathan Goldman, who ran LinkedIn Corp.'s LNKD +0.66% data-science team that in 2007 developed the 'People You May Know' button, which five years later drove more than half of the invitations on the professional-networking platform. | 
