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In the spring of 2013, two digital photos became an Internet sensation. The first, taken in 2005, depicts a crowd gathered at the Vatican for Pope John Paul II’s funeral. It is shot from behind—backs of heads turned up, and in the bottom right corner, a lone flip phone pointing toward a balcony. The second, taken from an analogous spot in 2013, depicts another throng welcoming the new leader of the Catholic Church, Pope Francis. The photos are nearly identical except for one defining feature. In the 2013 shot, a sea of screens—iPhones, iPads, Androids—rise up above the heads of onlookers, offering a powerful permanent form of witness. 2013年春年，有两张数码照片在网络上引起了轰动。第一张摄于2005年，画面中是人头攒动的梵蒂冈教廷广场，人们在教皇若望·保禄二世的葬礼上举行悼念活动。这张照片是从后面拍摄的，满眼望去，都是翘首向前看的背影，只有照片的右下角，有一支孤零零的翻盖手机对准一座阳台进行拍照。第二张照片几乎是在同一个地方拍摄的，画面中是正在欢迎新加冕的方济各教皇的人群。这两张照片几乎一模一样，区别只有一点。在2013年的这张照片中，大大小小的屏幕汇成了光晕的海洋，人们高高举起自己的iPhone、iPad和安卓手机，见证这历史性的一刻。 Something profound has happened in the time between that first photograph and the second: cheap, dead-simple cameras have crept into everything. By one analyst’s estimate, a billion cameras were added to smartphones and tablets manufactured in 2017. All these cameras have made billions of people into photographers, able to capture and share images of anything with a basic technical proficiency. No one needs to know how a camera works. No one needs to know what an f-stop is, or how to manipulate darkroom chemicals. No one has to be a good photographer to take good photos. One only has to point, shoot, and share. | 
