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图谱描绘幸福和羞耻

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Chests puffing up with prideand happiness felt head to toeare sensations as real as they are universal. And now we can make an atlas of them.

Researchers have long known that emotions are connected to a range of physiological changes, from nervous job candidatessweaty palms to the racing pulse that results from hearing a strange noise at night. But new research reveals that emotional states are universally associated with certain bodily sensations, regardless of individualsculture or language.

More than 700 participants in Finland, Sweden and Taiwan participated in experiments aimed at mapping their bodily sensations in connection with specific emotions. Participants viewed emotion-laden words, videos, facial expressions and stories. They then self-reported areas of their bodies that felt different than before theyd viewed the material. By coloring in two computer-generated silhouettesone to note areas of increased bodily sensation and the second to mark areas of decreased sensationparticipants were able to provide researchers with a broad base of data showing both positive and negative bodily responses to different emotions.

Researchers found statistically discrete areas for each emotion tested, such as happiness, contempt and love, that were consistent regardless of respondentsnationality. Afterward, researchers applied controls to reduce the risk that participants may have been biased by sensation-specific phrases common to many languages (such as the Englishcold feetas a metaphor for fear, reluctance or hesitation). The results are published today in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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