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TWO Americans were awarded the Nobel economics prize yesterday for studies on the matchmaking taking place when doctors are coupled up with hospitals, students with schools and human organs with transplant recipients. 两名美国人因研究医生与医院、学生与学校和人体器官与被移植者之间的有效匹配，昨天被授予诺贝尔经济学奖。 The work of Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley has sparked a "flourishing field of research" and helped improve the performance of many markets, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said. 阿尔文・罗思和劳埃德・沙普利的工作鼓舞了“蓬勃发展的研究领域”，并帮助改善了许多市场上的表现，瑞典皇家科学院说。 Roth, 60, is a professor at Harvard University in Boston. Shapley, 89, is a professor emeritus at University of California Los Angeles. 现年60岁的罗斯是位于波士顿的哈佛大学的教授，而89岁的沙普利是美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的教授。 "This year's prize concerns a central economic problem: how to match different agents as well as possible," the academy said. 科学院说：“今年的诺奖关注的是经济学的一个中心问题：如何尽可能适当地匹配不同市场主体。” Shapley made early theoretical inroads into the subject, using game theory to analyze different matching methods in the 1950s and 1960s. Together with US economist David Gale, he developed a mathematical formula for how 10 men and 10 women could be coupled in a way so that no one would benefit from trading partners. While that may have had little impact on marriages and divorces, the algorithm they developed has been used to better understand many different markets. | 
