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Misinformation, fake news, and “alternative facts” are more prominent than ever. The Oxford Dictionary named “post-truth” as the 2016 word of the year. Science and scientific evidence have been under assault. 假消息、假资讯和“另类事实”比以往任何时候都更为突出。2016年牛津词典将“后真相”列为了年度词汇。科学及科学证据遭受质疑。 Fortunately, science does have a means to protect itself, and it comes from a branch of psychological research known as inoculation theory. This borrows from the logic of vaccines: A little bit of something bad helps you resist a full-blown case. 幸运的是，科学还有一种自保手段，即来自心理学研究分支的接种理论。这一理论借鉴了疫苗的原理：一些不好的东西反而有助于人体抵抗成形的疾病。 TWO WAYS MISINFORMATION DAMAGES 假消息的两种危害 A recent study led by psychology researcher Sander van der Linden found that misinformation about climate change has a significant impact on public perceptions about climate change. 近日，心理学研究者桑德·范·得·林登牵头的一项研究发现，关于气候变化的假消息对公众看待气候变化具有重大影响。 I found similar results, with misinformation reducing people’s perception of the scientific consensus. Moreover, the misinformation affected some more than others. The more politically conservative a person was, the greater the influence of the misinformation. | 
