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Download Several independent Dutch inventors are among a handful of foreigners who have found unique ways to combat China's smog, as air pollution in Shanghai this winter soared to historic highs, making facemasks a seasonal fashion accessory. The hazardous haze compelled Shanghai resident Niels Woelders to design an elaborate air-filtration system in his apartment that he claims is second-to-none. It has also prompted one Chinese-Australian couple in the city to chase investors for a pollution-themed TV show. Meanwhile, designer Daan Roosegaarde has been building a giant machine dubbed "smog" that he claims will be able to vacuum the noxious fumes from Beijing's skies. If successful, it would rank as the world's largest air purifier. Heavy pollution made for distressing headlines throughout 2013. It grounded flights in cities such as Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang province, which is famous for its monolithic ice sculptures. It shuttered thousands of schools and construction sites in Beijing. It also ramped up sales of air purifiers on Internet retailer Tmall. Along with the stronger yuan, it was blamed for inbound tourism to the capital falling more than 10 percent in 2013. Some 1,100 km south in Shanghai, the air quality index raced off-grid for several days in December - even exceeding 500, a reading the United States consulate classifies as "beyond index" - causing more expats to reconsider their long-term plans. | 
