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不表明计划是否被执行,或表示“命运(即命中注定要发生的事)”,而非计 划;was/were to have done sth.表示未曾实现的计划。如: I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很紧 张,因为我很快就要首次离开家了。 They said goodbye,little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告 别了,不知道以后再也不会见面了。 We were to have told you,but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的,但是你不在家。 (2)表示“应该”,相当于should/ought to+动词原形。如: You are to report it to the police.你应该报警。 What is to be done?应该怎么办呢? (3)表示“想,打算”,相当于intend/want+to+动词原形。如: If we are to be there before ten,we’ll have to go now. 如果我们要在10点前到,我们现在就得走。 (4)用于第一人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见。如: Am I to go on with the work?我要继续完成这项工作吗? What are we to do next?我们下一步该怎么办? (5)用于否定句,表示“禁止”,相当于mustn’t。如: The books in this room are not to be taken outside. 这个房间里的书不得带出去。 You are not to smoke in the reading room. 你不可以在阅览室里吸烟。 (6)表示“可以,可能”,相当于may/can+动词原形。如: The news is to be found in the evening paper. 这条消息可以在晚报上看到。 Such people are to be found everywhere.这种人到处都有。 She is nowhere to be found.在哪里也找不到她。 (7)were to do sth.用于if或even if/even though从句中,表示对未来的假设。 如: If I were to tell you that I admired him,would you believe me? 要是我告诉你我羡慕他,你会相信吗? Even if the sun were to rise in the west,I would never do such a thing.即使太 阳从西边出来,我也决不做这种事。 二、进行体 (一)一个长动作作为背景,被一个短动作打断,长动作往往用进行体,短动作 用一般体。如: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我弟弟骑自行车时摔倒了,伤了自己。 The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. 同学们在忙着写作,这时布朗老师去取她忘在办公室的一本书。 Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 当没人注意的时候,汤姆溜进了房子。 The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it. 那位记者说,当他看到那个不明飞行物时,它正在自东向西飞行。 (二)表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如: —Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet.The rooms are being painted. ——你搬进新房了吗? ——还没呢。房间还正在粉刷呢。(未完性) I don’t really work here;I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我不在这上班,我只是来帮忙,直到新秘书来了(我就走)。(暂时性) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 选手机供个人使用不是一件容易事,因为技术变化太快。(“变化”尚未完 成) (三)表示计划、安排要做的事。如: I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my Mum. 我获得了一次去佛罗里达度假两天的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。(计划) (四)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。如: I first met Lily 3 years ago.She was working at a clothes shop at the time. 3年前我第一次遇到了莉莉,当时她正在一家服装店工作。 —Is this coat yours? —No,mine is hanging there behind the door. ——这是你的外套吗? ——不是,我的在门后挂着呢。 (五)表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等感情, 常与always,continually,constantly连用。如: He is always thinking of others first.他总是先想到他人。 He is always making the same mistake.他总是犯同样的错误。 (六)瞬间动词的进行体可以表示将来。(见一般将来时的用法部分) 三、完成体 (一)现在完成时 1.一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。表示从过去延续 到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有:lately,recently,in the last(past) few days(years)(在过去的这几天/年里),since then,up to now,so far(至今) 等。如: In the past few years,great changes have taken place in my hometown. 在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 He has written 8 books so far. 到现在为止,他已经写了8本书。 | 
