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专题七 非谓语动词 一、基本分类 非谓语动词分为三类：分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词和动词不定式。它们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。 1．分词 (1)感官动词或使役动词后的现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。 I saw him walking across the road.(正在穿过马路) I saw him walk across the road. (看到过了马路的全过程) (2)及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完成，后者表示动作正在进行。 The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(已经被钉在墙上了) The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(正被钉在墙上) 注意：不定式有表将来之意。 The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(将要被钉在墙上) (3)分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with / without引导的介词短语表达。 Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. | 
