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高考维“升”素35——医学常识 （时间：分钟） 维A1 阅读理解 高考曾用材料：2010湖北卷C篇 选材相似度：★★★★ 设题相似度：★★★ 难度系数：★★★ First aid is the action of limited care for an illness or injury in the beginning.It is usually performed by a lay person to a sick or injured patient until definitive medical treatment can be accessed.Certain selflimiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care.It generally consists of series of simple lifesaving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment. While first aid can also be performed on animals，the term generally refers to care of human patients. Certain skills are considered essential to the action of first aid and are taught everywhere.Particularly，the “ABC”s of first aid，which focus on critical lifesaving action，must be rendered before treatment of less serious injuries.ABC stands for Airway，Breathing，and Circulation.The same mnemonic is used by all emergency health professionals.Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear.Choking is a lifethreatening emergency.A first aid attendant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing if necessary. Some organizations add a fourth step of “D” for Deadly bleeding，while others consider this as part of the Circulation step.Variations on techniques to maintain the ABCs depend on the skill level of the first aider.Once the ABCs are secured，first aiders can begin additional treatments，as required.Some organizations teach the same order of priority using the “3Bs” ：Breathing，Bleeding，and Bones.While the ABCs and 3Bs are taught to be performed continuously，certain conditions may require the consideration of two steps at the same time.This includes the action of both CPR and chest compressions to someone who is not breathing and has no pulse. | 
