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1．非谓语动词作状语 (1)不定式作状语 ①表示目的 I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired. ②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。 George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him. (2)现在分词作状语 ①一般式doing 表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。 The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light. ②完成式having done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington. ③被动式having been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前) (3)过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。 Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被动关系) Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.(主动关系) | 
