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连词和状语从句 一、连词 1．并列连词 (1)表示联合关系的并列连词：and(和)，both...and...(既……又……)，neither...nor (既不……也不……)。 Neither I nor he has seen the film. (2)表示转折关系的并列连词：but，while(而，然而)，whereas(而)，nevertheless。 He is short，while his brother is tall. (3)表示选择关系的并列连词：or(或)，or else(否则)，otherwise(要不然)，either...or...(或……或……)。 You can either stay at home or go fishing. (4)表示因果关系的并列连词：so(所以)，for(因为)。 It is morning，for the birds are singing. 注意：then(那么，因而)，thus(因而)，therefore(因此，所以)等副词常可放在句首表示因果关系。 He was busy，therefore he could not come. 2．从属连词 (1)引导名词性从句的从属连词 引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词that，whether和if，这些连接词在句中不充当任何句子成分；连接代词主要有：who，whom，whose，which，what等，它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；连接副词主要有：when，where，how，why等，它们在句中可作状语。 We know (that) the earth goes round the sun. What we need is more time. That's what I want. (2)引导状语从句的从属连词 在句中作状语的从句叫状语从句，也叫副词性从句。它修饰谓语、非谓语动词、状语或整个句子。状语从句由从属连词引导，可表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比较、方式等。 二、状语从句 1．时间状语从句 (1)before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型： It is long before...(过了好久才……) It is not long before...(过了不久就……) 2．原因状语从句 在表示原因时，because语气最重，其次是as，since，now that，故在回答why问句或者在强调句对原因进行强调时，只能用because。for是并列连词，表示推测的理由或者进一步说明，不能放在句首，for前要用逗号。 —Why were you absent? —Because I was ill. 3．目的状语从句 (1)so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词多用can/could/may/might/will/would＋动词。 Please turn off the light so that I can go to sleep. (2)for fear that，in case，lest表示“以防，免得”。 He is working hard for fear that he should fail. 4．条件状语从句 (1)providing/provided (that)假如，假若 Providing (that) no one has further questions，the meeting will be over. (2)on the understanding that＝on condition that在……条件下 I give you money on the understanding that you finish your homework. 5．结果状语从句 注意such引导的结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。 试比较： This is such an interesting book that everyone likes to read it. This is such an interesting book as everyone likes to read. 6．目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别 in order that可放在句首，只能引导目的状语从句；so that引导目的或结果状语从句，不能放在句首。 试比较： He spoke so slowly that we all followed him.(结果状语从句)＝He spoke slowly，so we all followed him. He spoke slowly so (in order) that we could all understand him.(目的状语从句) 7．让步状语从句 (1)as引导让步状语从句，作“尽管”解，用倒装句，语序为：状语/宾语/表语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋谓语……。如果句首是单数可数名词作表语，名词前无冠词。 Clever as you may be，you can't do that. Clever boy as he is，he can't solve the problem. (2)since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。 | 
