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1.完全倒装和部分倒装。 2.各种句子成分及习惯上的省略。 3.强调句型及对谓语部分的强调。 一、倒装 1. 完全倒装 完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。在下列几种情况下多用完全倒装： 地点状语位于句首，且主语为名词而谓语为不及物动词的陈述句。如： On the top of the hill stands a big pine tree. 在“there + be / live / lie / stand / ...”结构中。如： Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等副词位于句首，主语为名词，谓语动词通常是be, come, go, run, rush, fly, follow, fall等词，时态为一般时。如： Here are some advertisements about cars. There come the rest of the students. Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 注意：当主语是代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。如： Away he went. Down it came. 有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡，常把句子的表语置于句首，构成完全倒装。如： Present at the meeting were Professor Smith, Professor Brown and many other celebrities. Gone are the days when they had nothing to eat. | 
