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1. 概念：表示过去的过去构成had +过去分词 2. 用法 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她说她从来没有去过巴黎。 2) 状语从句为过去时，主句动作发生在前时 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到的时候，贼已经逃跑了。 3) 用hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等的过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 十二岁时，Edison就开始养活自己了。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. Tom赶到聚会地点时，大多数的宾客已经走了，他很失望。 4. 用一般过去时代替完成时 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用thenand, but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouseshe screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. | 
