|
③有些不及物动词和短语动词，如break out，add up，happen，occur，spread，take place，belong to等本身就含有汉语译文中所表达的被动意义。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown since 1978. 1978年以来我们家乡发生了巨大变化。 The Second World War broke out in September 1939. 1939年9月爆发了第二次世界大战。 ④某些动词(短语)和句型中：need/want/require doing sth.，be worth doing，be to blame等。 The computer requires/wants/needs repairing. 电脑需要修理了。 (3)被动结构表示主动含义。 get married结婚；be addicted to sth.沉溺于；be seated坐着；be lost in thought沉思着；be devoted to sth.投身于，专注于；be interested in sth.对某事物感兴趣；be surprised感到吃惊。 They got married last month. 他们上个月结婚了。 All of them are interested in English.他们都对英语感兴趣。 2．常用被动语态的5个固定句型。 (1)It is believed/said/reported/hoped/supposed that... 据信/据说/据报道/人们希望/人们认为…… (2)It must be pointed out that...必须指出…… (3)It is generally considered that...一般认为…… (4)It is well known that...大家都知道…… (5)It must be admitted that...必须承认…… 四、4种特殊句式的考查 1．在句型“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句”中，since从句中使用一般过去时。但要注意如果since从句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，则表示从该动作结束时算起；如果since从句的谓语动词为非延续性动词时，词义和句意相同。 It is/has been three years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住已有三年了。(从居住结束算起) It is/has been three years since he joined the Party. 他入党已有三年了。 2．在句型“This/It/That is the first(second，etc.)time＋that从句”中，that从句使用现在完成时。 This is the second time that I have visited Beijing this year. 这是我今年第二次参观北京。 3．by the time从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；by the time从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 By the time this letter reaches you I will have left the country. 你收到这封信时，我已离开这个国家了。 By the time he arrived at the station，the train had left. 他到达车站时，火车已离开了。 | 
