英语语法之虚主语

语法对于英语来说很重要，今天小编带大家来解析虚主语。

Writers, especially beginning writers, are often cautioned against using passive voice in their writingbecause its use slows down the pace.

由于被动语态会影响节奏，作者们(特别是初学者)经常被警告不要使用它。

Another construction that can make your writing plod is the dummy subject.

还有一种结构也会让你的文章变得拖沓，它就是虚主语。

When we use the words it and there to begin a sentence without a referent (a noun the pronoun is referring to), we’re using a dummy subject.

虚主语是指句子开头的it或there没有指代物(it、there指代的名词)。

In this pair of sentences:

下面两个句子中：

I went to see Fantastic Four 2 over the weekend. It was fun, but mostly forgettable.

“It” refers to the movie Fantastic Four 2. The pronoun has a referent.

It指代电影《神奇四侠2》。这个代词有指代物。

In this sentence, however:

但这个句子里：

It is apparent that oil reserves will be exhausted by 2050.

“It” has no referent, and is therefore a dummy subject.

It没有指代物，因此它是虚主语。