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Ⅰ. 引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose(一般指人)，which(一般指物)，that ( 指人或物)等。关系副词有：where(地点)when(时间)， why(原因)等。 Ⅱ. that 在从句中指物，也可指人，可作主语和宾语。如： ① Water that is polluted often causes serous illness. 受污染的水常会引起重病。(that 在句中指物，用作主语) ② Do you have everything that you need? (that在从句中指物，用作宾语) 你所需要的东西都有了吗? ③ He is the man that they talked about just now. (that 在从句中指人，用作宾语) 他时刚才他们谈论的那个人。 ④ Do you know the man that / who spoke just now? 你认识刚才讲话的人吗? Ⅲ. who 和whom 在句中指人，分别作主语和宾语。如： ① A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health. ( who 在从句中用作主语) 医生是保护人们健康的人。 ② I have just met a lady whom I saw last week. (whom在从句中用作宾语) 我刚遇上一位我上星期见过的人。 Ⅳ.which 在从句中指物，可作主语和宾语。如： ① My aunt was not on the train which arrived just now. (which 在从句中作主语) 我阿姨不在刚才到达的那列火车上。 | 
