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这五个介词短语均属“介词+反身代词”结构，但意义各不相同： Ⅰ.by oneself“单独地;独立地”(=without help, alone).如： Did you do this by yourself or did someone help you? 是你自己做的，还是别人帮你做的? Ⅱ. “本身;本身的性质”如： ① Diamond is hard in itself. 钻石本来是硬的。 Ⅲ.for oneself “为自己(的利益而做某事);独自地(与by oneself 同义)”。如： ② He has built a house for himself. 他为自己建造了一幢房子。 ③ You must find it out for yourself. 你必须自己把它找出来。 Ⅳ.of oneself “自然而然地;自动地”为不及物动词。如： ④ The fire died of oneself. 火自己熄灭了。 Ⅴ.to oneself“默默地”“暗自”，常与talk , say, think等动词连用。如; ⑤ He said to himself that there was something wrong. 他想这其中有毛病。 ：say to oneself “在心里想”，talk/ speak to oneself“自言自语”两者不可混淆。 | 
