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第二十一单元 从段落到篇章 21.1 段落和篇章 段落和篇章在长度上有明显的不同，但是它们在结构上是一致的。首先，段落是由表达其主题思想的主题句（Topic Sentence）或主题导句（Topic Introducer）引出的，而篇章中的首段也是该篇文章主题思想的导言和引言；其次，一个段落必须有若干个展开句使主题思想得以展开和充实，同样篇章的主体部分也是由几个推展或后续首段主题思想的段落组成。再者，在段落结束时有一个结尾句（Concluding Sentence）总结段落的主旨，篇章也同样有一个对上下文进行归纳和总结主题思想的末段。尽管不是所有的段落和篇章都具备这样的完整结构，但典型的段落和篇章在结构上是一致的。 根据上述，让我们比较一下Model Paragraph 21-1和Model Essay 21-2，后者的主题思想完全基于前者。所不同的是，Model Paragraph中的六个句子①，②，③，④，⑤，⑥均已被扩展成Model Essay中的六个段落。 Model Paragraph 21-1 ①To be successful in a job interview，the applicant should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities.②In as much as the first and often lasting impression of a person isdetermined by the clothes one wears，the job applicant should take care to appear well-groomed and modestly dressed，avoiding the extremes of too elaborate or too casual attire.③Besides care for personal appearance，one should pay close attention to ones manner of speaking，which should be neither showy nor too familiar but rather straightforward，grammatically accurate，and friendly.④In addition，one should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements of the position for which one is applying in relation to ones own professional experience and interests.⑤And finally，there ally impressive applicant must convey a sense of self-confidence and enthusiasm for work，factors which all interviewers value highly.⑥The job seeker who displays these characteristics，with just a little luck，will certainly succeed in a typical personal interview. | 
