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notuntil/till 结构︰notuntil/till+某一点时间 说明︰此句型意为直到才。等于notbefore。句子若由 not until 开头，则要用倒装句型. Cotton material was not known in Europe until much later. 直到很晚之后，欧洲才知道棉花布料。 We did not start until the sun rose in the east. 直到太阳从东方升起，我们才出发。 He did not have a house of his own until he was thirty.直到三十岁，他才有属于自己的家。 Not until eleven oclock did he come home. 他到十一点才回家。 We do not know the value of health till we lose it. 失去健康才知道健康的可贵。 We had not waited long before she came. 我们没等多久她就来了。 Not until last night did I get the news. 直到昨晚我才听到这消息。 It had not been done before he came. 这还没做完之前他就回来了。 rather than 结构︰主词+动词rather than 说明︰此句型意为与其说，不如说而不是。rather than 后所跟的部分可以有多种词性和时态，关键是要和前半部分保持一致。 Older people may seek their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children. 老年人可以找自己的朋友而不会在情感上太依赖他们的子女。 | 
