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类比和对比 类比和对比是写作中常用的方法。 严格地说，类比用于指出同一范畴的事物之间或者几个人之间的相似之处，而对比则用于指出他(它)们之间的不同之处。但实际上，类比和对比常常同时使用，原因是人们在议论两个人或事物时，往往既提出二者的相同之处，又注意到他(它)们之间的差异所在。 可通过两种不同的做法，用类比和对比的方法展开段落。第一种称为整体类比或整体对比法，即在阐述完一件事物的特点之后，再摆出与之相比的另一件事物的全部特点。需要注意的是，进行类比或对比的两件事物的方法应一致，顺序应相同，否则就会相互脱离不成对比。第二种作法称为交替类比或交替对比法，即逐条比较或对比两个人或两种事物的特点。 比较法中有一种比较特殊的形式被称为比拟。即把属于两个不同范畴的事物的相似之处加以比较。请看下例： Electricity is transferred from one place to another in much the same manner as water. A water pipe performs the same function as a length of wire. The pipe carries water to its point of use in the same manner as wire carries electricity to its point of use. A blown fuse results from the same thing as a burst water pipe. Both give out due to extreme pressure applied to the walls of the carrier. A switch is to electricity what a faucet is to water. Both of them control the flow of the substance. Since electricity and water have some common properties, understanding the job of the plumber will help understanding the work of the electrician. | 
