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第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Political Spins Last week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton chutzpah(大胆放肆). With just one sentence, Snow managed to make headlines, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics - with carefully-worded one-liners(一行字幕资讯)made for TV which often lack substance and clarity(清晰度). The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller, said Mark Smith, a political science professor at Cedarville University. This has been accompanied by a changing media environment, Smith said. In l968, the average TV or radio soundbite(演讲中的句子或短语)was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In l996, the average soundbite had shrunk To 8 seconds. Thus, politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible. Campaigning politicians also use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages. Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the Straight. Talk Express. McCain hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth - whether its in fashion or not. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, on the other hand, has chosen the campaign slogan Let the conversation begin. She hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly. | 
