倒装: 英语的一般语序为:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语(或表语) + (状语等附加成分)。有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序,如将谓语动词放到主语的前面,就称为倒装。因语法需要的倒装称为语法倒装,例如英语中的疑问句多采用倒装形式,如Are you a doctor or an engineer? 因修辞需要,如为了强调、句子结构均衡或承上启下等目的倒装,称为修辞性倒装,例如On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. (山顶上有一座漂亮的小屋。)。 就应试而言,以下倒装现象应给予特别注意(按考试中出现的频率高低顺序排列): 1) not, not until, never, no, no sooner, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few 等 否定词开头的句子,比较: 例1 正常语序:I shall never forget the first days at college. 倒装语序:Never shall I forget the first days at college. (我永远不会忘记初上大学的那些日子) 例2 正常语序:I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently. 倒装语序:Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is. (直到最近我才知道什么叫市场经济。) |