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17.1因果法 因果法(cause and effect)段落通常回答why?的问题。大多数人认为在自己或别人生活中发生的事情必然事出有因，因此总要知道为什么会发生这样或那样的事情。原因(cause)指的是导致结果的发生在过去的事情，结果(effect)指的是已发生的事情将会产生的后果。 17.2结果法 解释一个原因(cause)的几个结果(effects)的段落，可能以下面两种顺序之一出现：或者以原因开头，接着指出一个一个结果，如下面示范段落17-1所示;或首先摆出结果，然后指出原因。 示范段落17-1 Many people are worried about what television has done to the generation of American children who have grown up watching it.For one thing，recent studies tend to show that TV stifles creative imagination.Some teachers feel that television has taken away the childs ability to form mental pictures in his own mind，resulting in children who cannot understand a simple story without visualillustrations.Secondly，too much TV too early tends to cause children to withdraw from real life experiences.Thus，they grow up to be passive spectators who can only respond to action，but not initiate it.The third area for concern is the serious complaint frequently made by elementary school teachers that children exhibit a low tolerance for the frustrations of learning.Because they have been conditioned to see all problems resolved in 30 or 60 minutes on TV，they are quickly discouraged by any activity that promises less than instant gratification.But perhaps the most serious result is the impact of television violence on children，who have come to regard it as an everyday thing.Not only does this increase their tolerance of violent behavior in others，but most authorities now concede that under certain conditions，some children will imitate anti- social acts that they witness on television. | 
