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[六级大学英语阅读] 英语六级考试标准的阅读20

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  There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market systemthe administered systemand the traditional system.

  In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a markettransactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economyreal goods such as automobilesshoesand pizzas are traded against each other. Obviouslyfinding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hencethe introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economygoods and services are bought or sold for money.

  An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be producedexchangedand consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plandrawn up by the governmentshows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of productionconsumptionand exchange for the whole economy.

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