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Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth. 1. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? [A] Types of mass transportation. [B] Instability of urban life. [C] How supply and demand determine land use. [D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion. 2. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago? [A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth. [B] To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation. [C] To show mass transportation changed many cities. [D] To contrast their rate of growth. | 
