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Oxford Uruversity once famously claimed to have been founded by Alfred the Great in the 9th century, but in fact, the Universitbr as we know it today began to take shape in the 12th century when English scholars were exiled from Paris University and began to congregate at Oxfords Abbeys and Priories, which were by then already established centers ofleaming. 牛津大学曾经一度盛传是由阿尔弗来德一世在9世纪建立的。但事实上，我们今天所知道的牛津大学始建于12世纪，当时一群英国学者从巴黎大学流放过来，云集于牛津的教堂和修道院中，在那时候教学中心就已经建立起来了。 Today, 39 independent, self-governing colleges are related to the University in a t3rpe of federal system. Each is governed by a Head of House and a number of Fellows, who are academics specializing in a wide variety ofdiscipHnes, most of whom also hold Uruversity posts. 现在，39个独立、自治的学院以一种联邦体制的形式和校方联系。每个学院由l位院长和几名研究员管理，他们是多学科的专家教员，其中多数人还身兼校方职位。 Across both the Arts and the Sciences, Oxford research consistently ranks top both nationally and internationally, As well as being in the forefront of scientific, medical and technological achievement, the Universitr has strong links with research institutions and industrial concems both in the United Kingdom and overseas. The Universitrs income from extemally funded research grants and contracts in 1996- 1997 totaled over 107 million. The Uruversitys great age also allows its teaching staff and research students to tkaw on a heritage of magnificent | 
