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56. Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack， but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening. 57. Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers， whose flights are within the Earths atmosphere， from hitting their targets. 58. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks， Hispanics， and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. 59. During the nineteenth century， she argues， the concept of the useful child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the useless child who， though producing no income for， and indeed extremely costly to its parents， is yet considered emotionallypriceless. 60. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800s， this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicted in part on the assumption that a childs emotional value made child labor taboo. 56、星球大战防御系统的支持者们希望它不仅能保护一个遭受核攻击的国家，也希望它能成为使核攻击永不发生的足够威胁。 | 
