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The future of news资讯产业的未来 THREE hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in tavernsand coffee houses in the form of pamphlets, newsletters and broadsides. The Coffee housesparticularly are very commodious for a free Conversation, and for reading at an easie Rate allmanner of printed News, noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the firstmass-audience newspaper, the New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce thecost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. At the time of the launchAmericas bestselling paper sold just 4,500 copies a day; the Sun, with its steam press, soonreached 15,000. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controllingthe media. 三百年前，资讯以口头或书面形式传播，并且以小册子、简报的形式在小餐馆或咖啡屋中流传。据一名观察员说，咖啡屋是进行自由交谈的不二选择，并且也是休闲阅读的理想场所。但是事情在1883年发生重大转变，第一个面向大众的报纸，纽约太阳报诞生，并且首次引入广告来降低资讯成本，一举两得地为赞助商寻到更多的观众。当纽约报面世时，美国销量最好的杂志每天可以卖4，500份; 但是太阳报却很快达到15，000的销量。报纸以及随后而来的广播、电视将资讯传播方式从两方面的交流变为一方面的由少数公司控制的传播。 | 
