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The constantgardener;The future of wilderness 永恒的守护者;荒野的未来 Rambunctious Garden: Saving Nature in a Post-WildWorld. By Emma Marris. 书名：《喧闹的花园：在人类统领的世界里保护自然》 作者：艾玛马里斯。 When the Scottish-born American naturalist, JohnMuir, encountered a pristine wilderness wherethe soaring mountains touched the open sky, birdssang in the pine trees and fish spawned in the free-flowing rivers, he was determined to protect it from over-exploitation by the settlerswho succeeded the native American presence. Muir fought to ensure that the YosemiteValley in California became a national park, and he succeeded in 1890. The concept ofpreserving nature from man s interference proved both powerful and enduring: almost acentury later the Wilderness Act of 1964 empowered states to designate protected land. InRambunctious Garden Emma Marris outlines why the concept of wilderness is flawed. 当年，苏格兰裔的美国自然主义者约翰缪尔邂逅了一片原生态荒原。那里的山峰高高耸立，直入云霄，松林间鸟儿浅唱低吟，溪流里鱼儿繁衍生息，见此美好景象，他下定决心要保护那片土地，以免其遭到继原住民之后占据此地的移民过度开发。为了让它 加利福利亚优胜美地山谷成为国家公园，他不懈努力，终于在1890年申请成功。保护自然免受人类行为干扰这一观念影响深远：几乎一个世纪以后的 1964年，荒野法案面世，授权美国各州指定土地加以保护。在《喧闹的花园》一书中，艾玛马里斯却阐述了为什么这个关于荒野的观点是有缺陷的。 | 
