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ALL big ideas start life on the fringes of debate. Very often it takes a shocking event to move them into the mainstream. Until last year interest in climate change was espoused mainly by scientists and green lobbyistsand the few politicians they had badgered into paying attention. But since Hurricane Katrina, something seems to have changed, particularly in America. There are plenty of anecdotal signs of change: Britains pro-business Tories have turned green; Al Gore is back in fashion in America. Companies are beginning to take action and encouraging governments to do the same. Europe already has an emissions-trading system for its five dirtiest industries. In America, although the Bush administration still resists federal legislation, more and more states do not. So far the political about global warming have centred on two polluters, smoggy factories and dirty cars. Next month the European Parliament will vote on whether to extend its emissions-trading system to airlines. If it decides in favour, the whole industry will feel the impact, for it will affect not just European airlines but all those that fly into and out of the EU. Talk about this prospect soured the International Air Transport Associations annual meeting this week in Paris. But whatever happens in the EU, the airlines look set to face vociferous demands that they should pay for their emissions. In some ways, the airlines are an odd target for greens. They produce only around 3% of the worlds man-made carbon emissions. Surface transport, by contrast, produces 22%. Europes merchant ships spew out around a third more carbon than aircraft do, and nobody is going after them. And unlike carspotent symbols of individualismairlines are public transport, jamming in as many people as they can into each plane. | 
