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[管理学类] 题目序号 题型归类 第1题 归纳推导题型 第2题 句间关系题型 第3题 审题定位题型 第4题 审题定位题型 第5题 段落结构题型 The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow theclassical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem,formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, andonly then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-daytactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network ofinterrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency,novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicingmanagers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display apoor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality;others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers revealsthat managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition inat least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problemexists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behaviorpatterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is basedon years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. Athird function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practiceinto an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managersuse intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most seniorexecutives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, andthose who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionallyleery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their senseof the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypassin-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used inthis way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which amanager recognizes familiar patterns. | 
