语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态,如:We speak Chinese in China.在中国我们说汉语;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态,如:Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中国汉语被我们说。 一、主动语态改成被动语态方法把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤: 1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语; 2. 谓语动词变为be+及物动词的过去分词,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态; 3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略); 例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week. 二、被动语态的用法: 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. |