+ plus ;positive - minus ;negative multiplied by ;times divided by = equals approximately equals not equal to less than greater than equal to or less than equal to or greater than o round brackets ;parentheses square brackets { } braces is a member of the set ? is a subset of ∽ similar to ≌ congruent to denotes an operation therefore ∵ because ∶ ratio sign, divided by, is to ∷ equals, as ∥ parallel to perpendicular to, at right angles with angle ∟ right angle o degree minute second ⊙ circle A?B arc AB e the base of natural logarithms,approx.2.71828 x! factorial x, x---1 lognx log x to the base n pi |