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awintro的归纳和整理 1、在拿到题目后应该找出这些：what is offered as evidence, support, or proof; what is explicitly stated, claimed, or concluded;what is assumed or supposed, perhaps without justification or proof;what is not stated, but necessarily follows from what is stated。总结一下：即论据，结论，推理过程中的未加证明的假设，论据中的潜在后果。这四点都是需要我们尽量展示在第一段里面的。 2、同时，还要考虑原题目中的逻辑链：In addition, you should consider the structure of the argument。在这过程中更重要的是：sometimes implicit steps in the thinking process and consider whether the movement from each one to the next is logically sound。这是我们攻击的要点，尤其是隐含的逻辑步骤。 3、在分析时：You will not be expected to know methods of analysis or technical terms.随后在范文中可以看出，几乎是没有那种像那样精确错误名词的，而只是就着错误本身的逻辑进行分析。不需要给人感觉咱们特意学过逻辑，如果拽那些名词就给人感觉咱们特意学过逻辑，嘿嘿那既然是专业的要求也就更加苛刻了。 4、awintro中举一个例子：For instance, in one topic an elementary school principal might conclude that the new playground equipment has improved student attendance because absentee rates have declined since it was installed.论证的思路为：意识到存在它因you will simply need to see that there are other possible explanations for the improved attendance,提供具体的它因 to offer some common-sense examples, 从结论考虑，怎样才能使论证完整有力，即如何改进and perhaps to suggest what would be necessary to verify the conclusion. For instance, absentee rates might have decreased because the climate was mild. This would have to be ruled out in order for the principals conclusion to be valid. | 
