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8. 信仰： No matter what the situation, it is more harmful to compromise ones beliefs than to adhere to them. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it. In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority. Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyaltywhether to ones friends, to ones school or place of employment, or to any institutionis all too often a destructive rather than a positive force. 9. 质疑： It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data. Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future. Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea. People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust, no matter how valuable their contributions might be. 39;Moderation in all things is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say, Moderation in most things, since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus. | 
