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Passage 9 新老观点对比型 Most economists in the United States seem 迷恋 by the魅力 of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not 符合 the requirements of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or, 进一步说 , established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers4C seems 4有害的. Accordingly, it requires 需要下很大决心 to think of 卖方定价 as both normal and having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies1E5 because the industrial system itself 允许, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires5B. Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories. But each large firm8 will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect8A it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not.第一个论据：企业在决策时要考虑到不能极大地减价为了维持稳定的市场需求，需要卖方定价 | 
