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提出主题：很多经理人员要依赖直觉，后面才讲直觉的特点The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals1D4C, assessing4A the problem, formulating options4B, estimating likelihoods of success4E, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage 一系列 interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. 过去对直觉的错误理解：管理学作家的观点两种Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp2D of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for 任性，反复无常. 直觉的5个特点/5种运用方法Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists1B. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform 熟知的行为 patterns rapidly7E. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and 亲手实践的经验 that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize3C isolated bits of data and practice1C into an integrated picture, often in an Aha!恍然大悟 experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results1E of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to 绕开，绕过 in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution1A. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. | 
