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From the 1900s through the 1950s waitresses in the United States developed a form of unionism based on the unions defining the skills that their occupation included and enforcing standards for the performance of those skills. This occupational unionism differed substantially from the worksite unionism prevalent among factory workers. Rather than unionizing the workforces of particular employers, waitress locals 工会地方分会) sought to control their occupation throughout a city. Occupational unionism operated through union hiring halls, which provided free placement services to employers who agreed to hire their personnel only through the union. Hiring halls offered union waitresses collective employment security, not individual job securitya basic protection offered by worksite unions. That is, when a waitress lost her job, the local did not intervene with her employer but placed her elsewhere; and when jobs were scarce, the work hours available were distributed fairly among all members rather than being assigned according to seniority. 17. The primary purpose of the passage is to analyze a current trend in relation to the past discuss a particular solution to a longstanding problem analyze changes in the way that certain standards have been enforced apply a generalization to an unusual situation describe an approach by contrasting it with another approach | 
