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[职称英语阅读理解] 2015年职称英语考试综合类精选练习之阅读理解(3)

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  Renewable Energy Sources

  Today petroleum provides around 40% of the worlds energy needsmostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still usedmostly in pover stationsto cover one-quarter of our energy needsbut it is the least efficientunhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel. Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oilbut reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years. We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the worlds poor too. Renewable refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced.

  Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energysupplying around 20% of world electricity. Chinas three gorges Damwhich has just been completedis the largest ever. At five times the size of the USs Hoover Damits 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand.

  In 2003,the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmillbut others take the form of turbines.

  As prices fallwind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generationquadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensivethere is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beautyand are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benignthey can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprintaltering climate and lilling sea birds. Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them. Scotland is building europes largest wind farmwhich wil power 200,000 homes. The UKs goal is to generate onefifth of power from renewable sourcesmainly windby 2020. But this may cause problemsbecause wind is unreliable.

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