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When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success.few nations can match Germany.Since the 1940s.the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperityhas faltered over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviablerecord for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society，a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought.after technologies.But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success.but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science， eventually starving industry of flesh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur ，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity.driven，flee and widely available will Suffer.Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. | 
