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不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时，也是如此。分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如given， left等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。例如： We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人 There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里 This is the question given. 这是所给的问题 There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西 分词作定语相当于定语从句，如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists. 典型例题 1） The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which was written 2）Whats the language ____ in Germany？ A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak | 
