1) 概念:表示过去的过去 ----|----------|--------|---- 其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前 那时 现在 2) 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如: She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。 b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如: When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。 c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本,未能.例如: We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.例如: He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. |