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第五部分 完型填空（一）完型填空概述和解题技巧1．各小题有四项答案的完型填空中，只有一项最佳，其余均是干扰性的或迷惑性的。做完型填空时，要注意下列几个步骤：第一步，要快速通读全文，了解文章大意，正确分析、归纳文章主旨。第二步，在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等，先完成简单的，把难的留在后面。第三步，再细读全文，集中精力解决难点，填补空缺。第四步，答题完毕，遵循由整体到局部、由局部到整体的规律，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所选答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是否合理。2．首字母已给的完型填空比四选一的完型填空还要难些。除了掌握上述四步的答题技巧外，还要了解空格所缺词的词性，确保语法的正确性，注意数的变化。在填名词时，应联系文章的主题，注意它的单复数；在填动词时，要注意它的时态、语态；在填连词时，注意分析文章中前后句和上下文的逻辑关系；在填形容词和副词时，注意比较级和最高级的用法；在填代词时，要注意它的性、数、格是否准确；在填介词时，注意它的固定搭配和常用语法特点。（二）经典例题解析1．根据上下文的情景确定意义上正确的词利用上下文信息，选择或填写正确的词是完型填空解题时最常用的方法之一。在做四选一的完型填空时，我们有时会发现每一个选项从语法角度来讲都可以说得通，遇到这种情况，我们应细读上下文，正确答案会在上下文中得到提示。试看以下例题：[例1]What do I remember about my childhood? There were good things and bad things. We used to live______ , and my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.A. in a town B. on a farm C. on a busy street D. in a city【解析】本段主要讲作者回忆儿童时代所居住的地点。从四个选项来看都是可能的，语法上都说得通。但通过下文my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.提示我们可以知道作者生活在农村，正确答案选B。[例2]1 was making a trip from Paris to London. At a small town near London, I stopped to do some s .As l was going into a very crowded shop. I saw a few young people talk in about something they had just b【解析】本段主要讲作者在伦敦的一个小镇的经历。在第一空格上，由下文a very crowded shop这个词组可以推断应填shopping，这样也就很容易判断第二空格内应填bought了。[例3]I always remember waking up to the smell of the breakfast my mother was cooking. What a wonderful smell! I used to _______ ,wash quickly and run downstairs. My breakfast would be waiting for me on the table.A. leave the bed B.lie in bed C. jump out of bed D. get up【解析】本段讲每天早上妈妈煮的早餐发出诱人的香味，使得躺在床上的我立即起床。根据题干，A、C、D均和床有关联，但是按上下文情景的提示，此处还要表达作者的一种迫不及待的心情。因此只能选C。[例4]This is a special class. The students come from different c l . Some come from America, others from Germany, France, Japan. Their parents are w 2 in Shanghai.【解析】这是一个特殊的班级，学生们来自于不同的地方。根据下文提到的America，Germany，France，Japan，可以判断第一格指的是国家country，由此也推断出学生的父母亲目前在上海工作。第二格由于谓语动词是be动词，所以这里的时态为进行时，表示目前状态。故应填现在分词working。2．根据词汇的辨析和词组的搭配来解题在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。在做此类题目时，必须要在特定的语境中选择最佳，或者也可以推敲一些固定的词组搭配来进行选项。在做首字母完型填空时，尤其应注意空格所缺单词的词性及词组搭配。[例1]On the train, Tom was looking l for his ticket because the conductor was coming __ 2 to his ticket.1. A. out B. forward C. anywhere D. everywhere2．A. down B. up C. in D. on【解析】第一空格指Tom在火车上到处找车票，因此选D。everywhere为最佳答案，anywhere常用于否定句和疑问句中。第二空格意为列车员上前查票，走到某人面前come up to sb.为固定词组搭配，因此选B。[例2]After going a diet, a woman f l really good about herselfespecially she was a 2 to fit into a pair of jeans.Look, Look! She shouted while running downstairs toshow her husband．【解析】本段落主要讲一位女士经过减肥后可以穿得上一条牛仔裤，并要演示给她丈夫看的情景。第一格表达主人公的感觉很好，因此填felt；第二格表达她能够穿上牛仔裤了，be able to为固定搭配。[例3]A Japanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings. Do you _________what he means?A. think B. guess C. know D. understand【解析】本段讲述了一个日本经理和他的员工在开会时将都站着。本题问的是你知道他说话的含义吗。从四个选项看，A和B放人句中意思不通，而C和D两个答案很接近。D选项强调理解他的意思，从上文句子看当然很好理解这句话讲述了什么事。但是其中的含义就不知道了。因此选项C才是最合适的。[例4]In March 1982, there was a t drought in Australia. The summer rain didnt fall, and the grass didnt grow. The farmers had to sell all their sheep. Many sheep d of hungry.【解析】从下句the summer...推断这是一场严重的干旱，第一空格填terrible。根据上文提及的严重干旱可以知道由此而导致很多羊死于饥饿，die of是固定词组，第二空格填died。 | 
