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协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。构成时态和语态。 助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译。 一、have/has (现在完成时), had (过去完成时) 这组助动词主要用来构成完成时态，形式为：have /has /had + 过去分词如： She had mentioned this before. I haven't seen you for ages. 二、be be本身可作谓语动词，但在进行时中它是助动词，与现在分词搭配使用，缺一不可如： He's looking for his favorite pet. She's watching a football match. 此外，be和过去分词搭配构成被动语态 如：The vicar was killed in a car accident. 三、do/does (一般现在时), did (一般过去时) 此组助动词用于构成疑问式或否定式如： Did you meet the manager this morning? He doesn't feel like smoking at the moment. 四、will, shall, would 此组助动词用于构成将来时如： Mary promised she would pay you a visit soon. | 
