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问题：情态动词的基本用法
答案：↓↓↓ 陈建东的回答： 网友采纳 情态动词有：can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should),will(would),need,dare(dared),oughtto.情态动词无人称和数的变化,不能独立使用,它与其后面的动词原形合成谓语.情态动词的具体用法如下：一、can,couldcan的用法1.表能力.如：Acomputercannotthinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.2.表可能性.如：—Willyoustayforlunch?__Sorry,Ican't.Mybtotheriscomingtoseeme.3.表推测,意为“可能”、“或许”,用于疑问句或否定句中.can't后用一般式表示对现在情况的推测,用完成式表示对过去情况的推测.例如：Susancan'thavewrittenareportlikethis.could的用法1.can的过去式.例如：IcouldspeakalittleJapanesewhenIwasatcollegebutnowIhaveforgottenallofthemexceptafewwords.2.客气的请求.例如：CouldIborrowyourdictionary?3.“could+have+过去分词”表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗憾.例如：—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.__Oh,didyou?YoucouldhavestayedwithBarbara.4.“couldn't+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测,意思是“不可能”.例如：Hecouldnothaveseenthefilmbecauseheknewnothingaboutit.二、can,beableto的区别can和beableto在表示“能力”时意思相同,但在用法上有区别.1.can表示主观能力,beableto表示客观能力.Icandrive,butI'mnotabletodrivenowbecauseI'mdrunk.2.can只有现在式和过去式,而beableto可用各种时态.3.beableto可用于动词不定式和动名词结构中,can不能.例如：Iregretnotbeingabletotakehisadvice.4.can表示有这种能力或机会,beableto则表示经历一番艰难后能够做成某事.例如：Thefirespreadthroughthehotelverypuicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.三、may,mightmay的用法：1.表示许可.例如：MayIcomein?2.表示可能（可能性较must和can小）.例如：Petermaycomewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.3.“may+have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测.例如：Youmayhavereadsomeaccountofthematter.Otherwisehowcanyouknowaboutit?might的用法：1.may的过去式.例如：HetoldmethathemightgotoShanghaiinafewdays.2.表示许可,比may客气.例如：MightIuseyourpenforashortwhile?3.表示可能,比may的可能性小.例如：Yessterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,mighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater.四、shall,shouldshall的用法.1.用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告”、“威胁”、‘“强制”意思.例如：Youshallfailifyoudon'tworkhard.2.用于第一、三人称的疑问句,用来征询对方意见或请求指示.例如：Shallwebeginourlesson?WhenShallhebeabletoleavethehospital?should的用法1.表义务或必然.例如：__WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.__Theyshouldbereadyby12:00.2.在名词性从句中表感情,即说话人认为应该如此.例如：Itisnaturalthatstuydentsshouldstudyhard.3.“should+have+过去分词”表示过去应该做而未做某事.含有惋惜、责备的意味.例如：Weshouldhavestudiedlastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstesd.五、will,wouldwill的用法1.表“意志”、“意愿”,用于各种人称.例如：Iwilldoanythingforyou.2.用于第二人称的疑问句中,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求.例如：Willyoudomeafavourtocarrythesuitcaseupstairs?3.表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的意思.例如：Manwilldiewithoutwaterorair.4.willdo表“够了”、“适合”、“行”等意思.例如：__MustIcomeherethisSaturday?__Ifyouarebusythatday,Sundaywilldo.would的用法1.表过去的意愿.例如：Thoughhewouldgotothesouth,hisparentswouldn'tlethim.2.表说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求,比will客气.例如：Wouldyoupleasesaythatagain?3.表过去的习惯动作.例如：WheneverIpassedhishouseIwouldseehimstandingunderthebigtree.4.“wouldliketo+动词原形”意为“愿意``````”.例如：Wouldyouliketohaveatalkwithme?六、must1.表义务或强烈的劝告,意为“必须”、“应该”,否定式表示“禁止”、“不准”.在回答must的问句时,否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto.例如：Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.___MustIdoitnow?___No,youneedn't.2.对现在情况的猜测用“must+动词原形”.例如：Youmustbeverytirednow.3.对过去情况的猜测用“must+have+过去分词”.例如：HemusthavebeentoShanghai.七、oughtto1.oughtto=“should+动词原形”,表“义务”、“劝告”.但语气比其强.例如：Yououghttotakecareofhim.2.“oughtto+have+过去分词”表示过去应该做而未做的事情.例如：Yououghttohavehelpedhim.(butyoudidn't)八、dare,need1.dare和need都既有情态动词的功能,也有实义动词的功能. |
