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问题：在限制性定语从句中that和which都可指物但有什么区别
答案：↓↓↓ 冯兆冰的回答： 网友采纳 ．选择关系词的原则是：一看关系词指代的是“人”还是“物”；二看关系词在定语从句中的作用,即充当的句子成份.关系代词who,whom指人,分别作定语从句的主语和宾语；whose指人或物,只作定语；which指物,可作主语或宾语；that主要指物,也可指人,可作主语或宾语.关系副词包括when,where,why,在定语从句中只能作状语,when说明时间,where说明地点,而why说明原因. e.g.1)Theboyswhoareplayingfootballontheplaygroundarefromourclass.(who指theboys,作主语)2)SheisthegirlwhomI’vebeenwaitingfor.(whom指thegirl,作宾语,可省略)3)Ioftengoshoppinginthatstorewhoseattendantsareveryfriendly.(whose指thatstore,作attendants的主语)4)Thereply_____youwanttogetisthatyourplanhasbeenrejected.5)Thisisafactory_____producescolorTVsets.(这两句中需填的分别指thereply和afactory,分别作宾语和主语,可用which,也可用that)6)Lookatthewomanandthedog_____arewalkingupthestreet.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what(先行词应为thewomanandthedog,关系词应用that,不可用which)7)DoyourememberthedaywhenweclimbeduptheGreatWall?(when说明时间,作状语)8)I’veforgottentheplacewhereIpickedupthewallet.(where说明地点,作状语)9)Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewasn’tpresentatthemeeting.(why说明原因,作状语)试将7),8),9)三句与下列10),11),12)作分析、比较.10)Doyourememberthedayswhich/thatwespentinBeijinglastyear?11)I’veforgottentheplacewhich/thatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.12)hedidn’ttelltheteacherthereasonforwhichhewasabsentyesterday.在10）句中,关系词作spent的宾语,不能用when;在11）句中,关系词作talkedabout的宾语,不能用where;在13）句中,关系词作for的宾语,同样不能用why.因此,弄清关系词在定语从句中的作用是至关重要的.2．注意一些特殊形式.①在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词不能用that,作宾语的whom,which不可省略.e.g.13)JohnoncestayedwithhisfriendMike,wholivesinNewYork.14)Hehasalittledaughter,whomhelikesverymuch.(whom作宾语,不可省略)15)Mariahasagoodknowledgeofcomputerscience,whichhelpsheralotinherwork.②在介词前置,即介词+关系代词结构中,只能用whom指人,which指物,不可用who,that.如果介词与与动词构成固定短语,一般不前置.e.g.16)ThepeoplewithwhomIworkareallyoung.17)Thehouseinwhichshelivesisnotverylarge.18)Thebaby（whom）sheislookingafterisonlytenmonthsold.(此句中after与look构成固定短语,不可放到whom之前)③在下列情形中,关系代词常用that.⑴当先行词为不定代词如something,nobody等或被only,little,much,no,all,any,every修饰时；⑵当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；⑶当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时.e.g.19)Doyouhaveanything_____belongstome? |
