admins 发表于 2021-8-18 22:30:01

重庆市忠县三汇中学2019-2020学年初二上学期期中考试生物试卷

※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>大豆和小麦的种子都具有的结构是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.种皮和胚&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.胚和胚乳&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.子叶和胚乳&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.种皮和胚乳<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/2dd19681db8b48b5b8fa85897c7158f8/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/409e3954f65d40cb8a5bbf7402c8789f/2E66EA1F858739CB78A8B6F7034A2A9B.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列对种子萌发所必须外界条件的说法正确的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>①适量的水分&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;②充足的氧气&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③适宜的温度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;④土壤&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;⑤充足的肥料&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;⑥光照A.①②③④⑤⑥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.①②③<br>C.④⑤⑥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.①④⑤⑥<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/32a0ee20a85a4f21a53912220dc3df04/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/1f1f8fb0ab9c4dff85f0807110ca1f11/31C04AABD99504A9B033697AF4F59791.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>某生物兴趣小组想探究某种植物种子萌发与光照的关系,其设计方案如下表所示,你认为他们的设计中,不妥当的一项是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br><tbody><br>种子数量<br>温度<br>光照<br>空气<br>水分<br>30粒<br>25℃<br>无光<br>通风<br>水适量<br>30粒<br>25℃<br>有光<br>通风<br>水少量<br></tbody><br>A.温度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.光照&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.水分&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.空气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/6785334aafa5481298f8dddfe83da78e/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/c64833a5d6e9447ca73200761162a813/1DDD87175677B3168EF435C04DE9A00A.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>植物根的生长往往向着一定的方向生长,下列认识不正确的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.向光性&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.向水性&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.向肥性&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.向地性<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/0f970cb3f4764a71b0a713234b6c5dce/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/faf3a35964c141b18fc9ea4f1463dbc6/F33B1D7683A958C98288A3F59045D582.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>叶芽能发育成枝条,下列对叶芽发育的说法不正确的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.幼叶发育成叶&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.芽轴发育成茎<br>C.叶原基发育成幼叶&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.芽原基发育成花芽<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/3d62eaa1df3a4f12b6813dfd33854207/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/2940c05fa46f49a195d09c18a71801c1/BA747993A201FD22A86EE43151FCF400.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>一块肥沃田地里种了菜豆,只开花不结果,最可能的原因是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.氮肥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.磷肥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.钾肥&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.硼肥<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/1e84073400a3492d84a8cb398b90cc49/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/c5869d32e44f4b41afd76286cdbc1fc6/FB9BFB74306C151E9D956781B4F6E6C5.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列措施中,与应用光合作用原理来提高产量无关的是(&nbsp;)<br>A.合理密植,使农作物的叶片充分地接受光照<br>B.增加光照强度,提高光合作用效率<br>C.降低夜间温度,减少有机物的消耗<br>D.大棚作物施农家肥,增加原料二氧化碳<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2014/6c96c506df8c4ae19aa1e6abb78281a5/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2014/753c2d85a077406f87934b8dc99f9e00/FC1180D9120D224161A61DE86CB19043.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>夏日,当我们走进茂密的森林,顿感空气清新湿润,这主要得益于绿色植物的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.光合作用和蒸腾作用<br>B.光合作用和呼吸作用<br>C.光合作用和吸收作用<br>D.茂盛的林木遮住了大部分阳光<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2014/874d840465004655ba012de6d2d72c4f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2014/5a4d98a870054af78fb03cbaecb2b360/64BD1315863497CCD9EC0122EB377B33.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>呼吸作用、光合作用分别在植物细胞的哪些结构进行(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.叶绿体、细胞核&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.叶绿体、线粒体<br>C.线粒体、叶绿体&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.线粒体、叶绿素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2014/2217fbfe09bb4af893e58191ef066cea/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2014/9446e7fc4cd546a9903136e70f25f403/D1E5F06E38A1796E35CA426B77CADFAA.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列对植物呼吸作用的认识错误的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.原料是有机物和氧气<br>B.产物是二氧化碳和水<br>C.此过程中释放能量<br>D.所有细胞每时每刻都进行着呼吸作用<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2014/8094fe897c8848b7921c9654f7791f74/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2014/72760c42c40440e7897e2879c7ea4fae/F806934C55ACB897A0ABCDC48D60C0D4.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列对绿色植物光合作用和呼吸作用的说法正确的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.日光下进行光合作用,呼吸作用停止<br>B.白天光合作用强于呼吸作用,晚间只进行呼吸作用<br>C.晚间光合作用强于呼吸作用<br>D.叶片进行光合作用时,不就行呼吸作用<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/245cb6e8b81c41998fe9e50d19ff1c72/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/6581216dbb814f7ea396a36c38eb79d3/4CF8460AAF7976790CF1DA6B186A1DCE.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>“水往低处流”是自然界中常见的现象,而在植物体内水却是往高处流动的。这主要是靠什么来拉动的(&nbsp;)<br>A.光合作用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.呼吸作用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.蒸腾作用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.吸收作用<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/4d6aa7dbd08348099a27b699a2bce509/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/30f9193da02146b482df31effc0bfd03/9426910E437DF9D9D65383F3367206B8.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>仙人掌的叶很小,甚至变成刺,从而有利于(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.减少蒸腾作用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.减少光合作用<br>C.减少呼吸作用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.防御敌害<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2014/b2ed56ae72c94be4a09ab0a7454a306f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2014/7c3bcadf07f242749d8f3fff79366236/9D3D9219AFB11CFBE114E2E86CAF8B69.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列几项生命活动中,植物活细胞都具备的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.光合作用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.呼吸作用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.蒸腾作用&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.细胞分裂<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2014/aa4977bb6573405683fe2f0b26df9626/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2014/815a8b1f54a44af3b50f3c5b3e0806aa/76F23EE19B33FFA2F1B6E84010258155.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>在农业生产上,农民会通过提高光合作用强度的方式来提高产量,下列措施无关的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.合理密植&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.经常松土<br>C.增加二氧化碳浓度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.延长光照时间<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/fc0bb719432b447ebf64aad356fed952/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/f52e0fd1590045f49766cddb1a0dab20/B14E30F11DB73FF835CD9E0889FD600E.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>将两株同样大小的玉米幼苗,分别放在盛有等量蒸馏水和土壤浸出液的试管中培养。两周后现象如下图,说明土壤浸出液中含有玉米生长所需的(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/26/D5F37C3B11FCE90D341E7100B21BADFC.png"><br>A.水&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.无机盐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.阳光&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.温度<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/6dd663e718374604b6a3a0d0f198a9d8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/aeaba11d0d994d9b993d0c877010156f/6E92C1AF09A393E0ABBA51D73E359E24.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>要安全、快速地将叶片的绿色褪去,下列装置正确的是(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/25/9DD5A2100EB2C42A48EF1DA4C561F01C.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/25/84FEE1282E65BD60979E60A352A674F2.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/25/C63B1B41CF52160D4ABD3F6F794ACF6D.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/25/3096D8581D31879141A9BF3BFDF8973A.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/84332b6056984844aa8575484f058a2d/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/2afa1aebef524cf79a40425618dd92e4/3F0408338B1AAE6029ECE28DC9224D7D.png"><br><br>※题型:读图填空题※知识点:读图填空题※试题难度:中等<br>下图为菜豆种子萌发的过程,<br>请据图<br>回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/D21F31613027252693D9A75BA35B3837.jpeg"><br>1.处于①②阶段时,萌发所需的营养物质是种子结构中的,萌发所需的能量通过呼吸作用分解其中有机物提供。<br>2.处于⑤阶段时,体内有机物合成必需的原料是。<br>3.对⑤进行移栽时,根部保留一坨泥土,目的是不要让受到损伤,请另举一例在生产实践中提高移栽成活率的措施:。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/9801f13f3a3e44939011f11b11cf7dee/AD7588DD0AA8E087A0D5E978A06DEF06.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/3cf0102416f547f0a6e6d1ed9fbdafb8/22C8C4C1A3334848B7360305F5177BE1.png"><br><br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>如下图所示:将一棵银边天竺葵(银边部分不含叶绿素)在黑暗中放置<br>小时后,选<br>一<br>健壮的叶片,用不透光的两块软木片在<br>A<br>处从正反两面遮住,然后将整个植株移到阳光下。光照<br>—<br>小时后,将选择的叶片摘下,去掉软木片,经酒精脱色处理后加数滴碘液。试回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/4085077C533727EF9F572A34017DDEEE.png"><br>1.C处(天竺葵原来银边部分)没有变蓝,说明是植物进行光合作用的重要场所。<br>2.该实验可探究光合作用需要和,其产物是。<br>3.上述实验进行黑暗处理的目的是,用酒精脱色处理的目的是。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/88c1135e09a1447b9a6919560eefdded/8B502A10B044B7C77419D8A58092EE3A.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2020/005b0cb874744026b60c63acaf124774/9228D7A2EC33B39C114C2011A1029E7B.png"><br><br>※题型:探究题※知识点:探究题※试题难度:中等<br>在探究<br>绿色<br>植物光合作用<br>、<br>呼吸作用和蒸腾作用活动中,某同学设计以下探究方案,请你用所学知识进行分析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/D265311A1ED9345EA93DF4BFC23224D0.png"><br>1.如图,将植物罩上透明塑料袋,关闭开关,并放黑暗处48小时后,将a、b联通,打开开关,轻压塑料袋,排出的气体使澄清石灰水变浑浊,说明植物体内的有机物进行呼吸作用产生的气体是。<br>2.紧接着,再关闭开关,将上述罩塑料袋的植物光照一会儿,发现塑料袋内壁出现水珠,这是叶片进行作用散失的水分凝聚而成,这些水分是通过植物的根毛吸收后,再依次经根的成熟区、茎、叶柄、叶脉内的导管自下往上运输,最后通过由两个半月形的保卫细胞(填“打开”或“关闭”)散失在袋内空气中而完成。<br>3.待光照3-4小时后,发现塑料袋中气体可以使带火星的木条复燃,说明绿色植物作用时,吸收二氧化碳气体后转化的气体是。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2020/8e4a760d19e243a78aea20452ff0048b/4C90FF428838ABD154D91B7DCC0E6CB6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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