2019年中考生物真题专项汇编：考点21人体的消化和吸收
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某人吃西瓜时把西瓜种子也吞进了肚子里,这粒种子将在其体内经历的旅程是( )<br>A.口腔→咽→食道→胃→小肠→大肠→肛门<br>B.口腔→咽→肝脏→小肠→大肠→肛门<br>C.口腔→咽→气管→胃→小肠→大肠→肛门<br>D.口腔→咽→胃→肝脏→小肠→大肠→肛门<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/8313b4bc0cfa44f0ab69fa781c6c6d0c/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/baf6b97119774c22bdca46d21b10c51f/1B93712E302CF0E68F037A9AC3999E42.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列有关食物消化和吸收的说法,正确的是( )<br>A.肠液和唾液含有多种消化酶<br>B.人体最重要的供能物质是脂肪<br>C.胆汁不含消化酶,对脂肪有乳化作用<br>D.水分、无机盐和麦芽糖不经消化直接被吸收<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/cab232cb2b0f482d9b0eaed2d8c0eca7/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/b6cda5a072a4408883023a4abadac089/CAF2884D668E19FB929E0375934ED75C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>以下关于营养物质的叙述,正确的是( )<br>A.儿童青少年应多吃一些蛋白质含量丰富的食物<br>B.淀粉在口腔中被消化成的葡萄糖,可在小肠处被直接吸收<br>C.大肠是吸收水、无机盐和维生素的主要器官<br>D.食物中主要的供能物质是糖类、脂肪、蛋白质维生素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/f89010cb15e342cab1f87f2cc102329f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/5d430ce337944f2d9a347135c291fed8/989592050330386863ECB6ACC94602C1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列消化液中,不含消化酶的是( )<br>A.唾液 B.胆汁 C.胃液 D.胰液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2018/6798bb7039cc40fe81da911cc370b100/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2018/8360f91c5ac24205a5e2b788c63dca62/3DFFA352F6B961B2B3BB5C74D7F963CE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下图为“探究馒头在口腔中的变化”的实验设计,图中试管均置于37<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/5/5/FADA9176974610768B9C99A040D16B84.png"><br>温水中10分钟,以下说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/5/5/9689481AE14E1BF6FF7906F1B1148ABF.png"><br>A.滴加碘液后,①号试管变蓝色、②③不变蓝色<br>B.①与②对照,可探究唾液对馒头的消化作用<br>C.本探究实验的变量不唯一,无法得出任何结论<br>D.②③对照,②号为对照组,可探究牙齿的咀嚼和舌的搅拌对馒头消化的作用<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/639bede4e1b84339bb16690bbc0dccb9/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/d132e3df085843a1a8269f92df6db0cf/436BDB2C10E6829970DEA5C2ADE7AEF7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在探究“馒头在口腔中的变化”时,某同学设置了三组实验(如图所示),一起放到37℃温水中,一段时间后,请比较三组试管内剩余淀粉的含量( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/29/C8EEACEE46667F8C95A249E51C66C32A.png"><br>A.①>②>③ B.②>③>① C.③>②>① D.①>③>②<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/453fc7bd713a45d68c35ccba7acdea9f/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/53af38011c82409baa336b81e554e270/83E835DA07EF3ED221B7368C6ECD4017.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列四组物质中,不需要经过消化就能被人体直接吸收的一组是( )<br>A.水、糖类、蛋白质 B.水、无机盐、维生素<br>C.糖类、脂肪、蛋白质 D.糖类、脂肪、维生素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/21040a5e51b14a41adad468f2a751926/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/fb0dc39d8b894f8bbdb6f04f975a61ec/7FBF300D656711A60686D4B2AF8BB419.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列有关人体生命活动的叙述,正确的是( )<br>A.人体可以通过小肠和大肠吸收食物中的维生素<br>B.原尿流经肾小管时,大分子蛋白质被重新吸收<br>C.呼吸运动实现了肺内的气体交换<br>D.唾液和胃液都能分解蛋白质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/e8ff602afc8348dd9146e86bdc1d26a9/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/8ce501e5679f4f7c820819090e395fcc/6C490FA5987BFB0B6FC353C8212FF037.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>人体吸收营养物质的主要器官是( )<br>A.胃 B.肾小管 C.大肠 D.小肠<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/28ee6f4b106d4d5e8270a1b8e4dbfb61/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/132a5b128b5f4d1ca94baaec6d0305a5/9E459F821C837BE7378FDBD58D3A3774.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>小肠可直接吸收的物质是( )<br>A.维生素 B.淀粉 C.蛋白质 D.脂肪<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/907f92b37154457db0d68b3d1dabbbde/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>当我们细细咀嚼馒头时,会感觉到有甜味。某同学猜测,在牙齿的咀嚼和舌的搅拌下,口腔中的唾液使馒头变甜了。于是,他做了如下实验:<br>Ⅰ<br>:取适量新鲜馒头,切成碎屑、做成浆糊并振荡,分成<br>等份:将<br>口漱净<br>,取<br>毫升唾液放入小烧杯中。<br>Ⅱ<br>:取<br>只洁净试管,分别编号为①、②,实验过程如图:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/6EBD2B2AF956253581DD77B7739B7D6A.png"><br>1.<br>该同学将馒头切成碎屑、做成浆糊并振荡,这是为了模拟<br>______<br>2.<br>实验过程<br>D<br>中,滴加碘液后<br>号试管内液体的颜色将<br>______<br>,原因是<br>______<br>3.<br>该实验中,设置<br>号试管的作用是<br>______<br>4.<br>为了排除偶然因素的影响,需要设置重复组。具体操作是<br>______<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/0881c9dcacb243548f86db74d63af5d6/61EAB245075FBAF1FDD6168A5F75B6B4.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/1b284ceb84814bcabe87d1e7dda1e6e4/9222D79065069B13A4C9B2D342AEB2C3.png"><br><br>※题型：探究题※知识点：探究题※试题难度：中等<br>某生物兴趣小组在<br>探究<br>“馒头在口腔中的变化”中,对实验中的试管要置于<br>℃温水中一定时间产生了疑问,于是取了等量的三小份馒头碎屑,设计如下实验方案进一步探究:<br><tbody><br>试管<br>加入的物质<br>处理<br>温度<br>时间(分钟)<br>加碘液后的现象<br>①<br>馒头碎屑<br>+2<br>mL<br>唾液<br>搅拌<br>℃<br>不变蓝<br>②<br>馒头碎屑<br>+2<br>mL<br>唾液<br>搅拌<br>℃<br>变蓝<br>③<br>馒头碎屑<br>+2<br>mL<br>唾液<br>搅拌<br>℃<br>变蓝<br></tbody><br>1.根据实验现象判断:唾液淀粉酶对淀粉发挥作用需要。<br>2.“搅拌”相当于口腔中作用。<br>3.假如①号试管只水浴3分钟便取出并滴加碘液,预测该实验现象是。<br>4.通过探究活动,你认为吃饭时应该。A.狼吞虎咽 B.细嚼慢咽<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/4ed841d353ba4446be3bb691cdc8a2f0/0C295BDA83F4047CBB17D0CD2C2B01D1.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/1f8c7e6f1d304754bbb51cdcd6866beb/46188638A88485142362E97E47F97D98.png"><br><br>※题型：读图填空题※知识点：读图填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图,人体消化系统组成示意图,根据图示填空。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/8/C448DEF03F41A05A17441A57A8EC4F42.png"><br>1.人体的消化系统是由和组成。<br>2.人体消化系统最大的器官是序号[],它能分泌,能乳化脂肪。<br>3.是人体消化和吸收营养物质的主要器官。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/59a0e395615f4b4f8325183045b0baef/77763AC26F667AA3C0D32DD33BF1E7AE.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/82365252437c4581b507a2b318a97c60/9E47C02720BAD2E6E6BB677A1C8930C1.png"><br><br>
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