2019年中考生物真题专项汇编：考点03生物与环境
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>影响沙漠绿洲分布的非生物因素主要是( )<br>A.阳光 B.温度 C.水 D.空气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/6693c505efb9427a88d4e91b315f2b33/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/323daadc6f6b4b30bb35d413ae3d05a8/B72BA6A1936495C8BBDC1DFCB5764462.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>“日啖荔枝三百颗,不辞长作岭南人”。喜食荔枝的李明通过调查,发现烟台市内竟无一棵荔枝树。影响其生存的非生物因素主要是( )<br>A.水分 B.温度 C.光照 D.土壤<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/04ddae82b0a24db5b6feb12d193160d6/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>假定在一个由草、兔和狐组成的相对封闭的草原生态系统中,如果把狐消灭了,则表示兔群的数量变化曲线图的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/148505BBA775C106E8C203207C03CD22.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/89198DE6DD194B7F028079D4A38A96CA.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/AFFA64EC1C6207B98C079E0E96E997B4.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/F8804570F8AA7CEFF0199127B32D6E0B.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/24c47114ab174c06af74a8b535931603/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/4c8d51b03c2644768c35eb7b7380aa42/D58BCC3FFC5D137DE61C076D51B9C025.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>造礁珊瑚虫体内的虫黄藻为其提供氧气和有机物,而造礁珊瑚虫为虫黄藻提代二氧化碳和氮磷等无机盐。虫黄藻与造礁珊瑚虫之间的关系是( )<br>A.共生 B.竞争 C.捕食 D.寄生<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/91c4c79e6a9641e98648d39fca81352d/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/2f04447697ae4003888974383861468d/4B1BB25C6F830F38FFA0D18FD7F9B98F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>水稻田里有一种杂草——野慈姑,它会和水稻争夺阳光、水分和土壤中的营养物质,影响水稻的产量,据此推断水稻和野慈姑的关系是( )<br>A.共生 B.寄生 C.竞争 D.捕食<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/41cea64ae4c24ae8ad41724aa1793492/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列生物与生物之间的关系,属于竞争的是( )<br>A.工蜂与蜂王 B.水稻与稗草 C.跳蚤与狗 D.狐狸与野兔<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/9cf777a2644b4fbe9ae0d9604465a597/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/44c6d5af9f8c4e92926cd0b49fbb01a3/2E1C378DED6A2F26493993BEC7E9D9C6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>植树造林可以营造“金山银山”,选好树种很关键。树种单一的马尾松林往往较易发生严重的松毛虫害:将马毛松和其他树种“搭配”种植形成混交林,能有效减少病虫害。这种生态效益是由复杂的( )带来的。A.种间关系 B.种内关系 C.地理环境 D.气候类型<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/72013dfc5710472cb7fe5e33fa746465/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/9267ac3abfba4bda8a66c0d7769a3636/BAE0F3CB2A1DB2F80B70766279260D3C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>诗词是我国传统文化的瑰宝,以下对诗词中所蕴含的生物学知识的解释,错误的是( )<br>A.“落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花”﹣微生物促进物质循环<br>B.“种豆南山下,草盛豆苗稀”﹣生物因素对生物的影响<br>C.“人间四月芳菲尽,山寺桃花始盛开”﹣生物对环境的影响<br>D.“劝君莫打三更鸟,子在巢中盼母归”﹣生物的繁殖行为<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/c9102c170752487bb95276ecddfcf971/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>生物既能影响环境,又能适应环境。下列属于生物适应环境的实例是( )<br>A.大树底下好乘凉 B.绿色植物能够更新空气<br>C.森林可保持水土 D.仙人掌的叶特化为刺<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/4e9c6317e73f463b8caae7c7e5ca709b/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/d4dab1568ba64eabaa33b872f4c44011/5052C871223DB40ED8771EFE02CC352E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>在观鸟活动中某同学看到几只鸭在游水和潜水,鸭的足类似于( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/26/857EDEB46F211A03307862FB4A0FB882.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/26/1E5C4F1AA63371A0B7BF56384322C3C8.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/26/50B4D5E8231BDCFAC8A03454A3044EC6.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/26/8B21165ED1B62A3B098381C751E36513.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle"><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/d4764cc9ab6d4366b2dffdaa00ce8d63/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/e732463998f440a4b2ceab3151d1f3a7/E54136EB5755D8F495C4616044586601.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>地衣生活在岩石表面,从岩石中获得营养物质;地衣又能够分泌地衣酸,对岩石有腐蚀作用,这一事实说明( )<br>A.生物能适应环境<br>B.生物能影响环境<br>C.生物不能适应环境,也不能影响环境<br>D.生物既能适应环境,又能影响环境<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2015/2376a8cd1a4745d992577bbdf6395f82/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2015/dec324816a6f4f438dcdacb8b400c981/F379F412ADE98CFF9B95900CA8EC2491.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列描述中,不属于生物与环境关系的是( )<br>A.雨露滋润禾苗壮 B.风吹草低见牛羊<br>C.大树底下好乘凉 D.葵花朵朵向太阳<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/1d9327066e934a7fb3732d0199e565ff/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/50beda72214641ad9a2c4c2fa859bf78/C4CDC4EFB157A8432E12E5024E8FF935.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：较易<br>黄粉虫又叫面包虫,幼虫体表是黄色的,是粮仓中的害虫,常常成群聚集在粮仓里的粮食堆中。如果往饲养黄粉虫的容器里放<br>一<br>片面包片,它们会聚集在面包片下面吃面包;如果把面包片翻过来,暴露在明亮处的<br>黄粉虫会很快<br>爬到面包片的下面。那么,光照条件是否影响黄粉虫的分布呢?通过探究实验,请你分析并回答问题:<br>1.提出问题:光会影响黄粉虫的分布吗?作出假设:。<br>2.该实验的变量是。<br>3.用1只黄粉虫做实验,能得出可信的结论吗?。(能/不能)<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/12/F13729781E16B3373D3E9AA649540684.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/9/2019/8935e9ba01044384aa535ca974f3d9af/5D7CC72DD1DBECF434BEE58E857C1865.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/9/2019/22bde0f5bdd04461a07c4a3dca17796f/7AFB114571F55259B8E6585316F7D74B.png"><br><br>
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